Our Cities Are Ugly: Why Don’t We Build Beautiful Buildings Anymore?

In a video on the Unraveling Architecture YouTube channel, architect Natalie Perri delves into the reasons behind the decline in aesthetically pleasing architecture. She explores the evolution of design principles and societal shifts that have led to a more utilitarian approach to building. Let’s see what she had to say.

The Beauty of the Past

Perri begins by contrasting the intricate and grand architectural styles of historical buildings with the modern, often uninspired structures seen today. She mentions the works of Gaudi in Barcelona and the diverse styles in Prague as examples of cities rich in architectural beauty. In stark contrast, cities like Atlanta, Georgia, appear soulless, especially in areas of rapid urbanization. This shift raises the question: why don’t we build beautiful buildings anymore?

The Shift to Modernism

The 20th century marked a significant change in architectural philosophy. As Perri notes, modernist and brutalist movements prioritized functionality over ornamentation. Minimalist architecture, characterized by clean lines and simplicity, dismissed decorative elements as frivolous. This shift wasn’t just about changing tastes but was also driven by economic factors. Buildings needed to be cost-effective and quickly constructed, leading to the widespread adoption of minimalist design principles.

Impact of World War II

World War II had a profound impact on architecture. The war’s aftermath saw a dire need for housing due to population growth, urbanization, and extensive destruction. As Perri explains, this led to the rise of modernist architecture, which emphasized practicality and mass production over decorative embellishments. The urgent need for affordable housing solutions meant that aesthetics took a backseat to efficiency and functionality.

Material Evolution

The materials used in construction have also played a significant role in the shift away from beautiful buildings. Historically, stone, wood, and brick were the primary materials, necessitating a high level of craftsmanship. The Industrial Revolution brought about a radical shift towards steel, glass, and concrete, which are more cost-effective and versatile. These materials allowed for quicker construction and greater structural capabilities, making them the preferred choice for modern buildings.

Profit Motives and Cost Efficiency

Perri points out that the profit motives of developers have further contributed to the decline in architectural beauty. In the past, architects and builders aimed to create structures of lasting value. Today, the focus is more on financial returns, leading to cost-cutting measures that compromise aesthetic appeal. The intricate cladding systems and decorative elements that characterized older buildings are often deemed too expensive in the contemporary construction landscape.

The Role of Labor

A crucial point Perri makes is about the labor used in constructing older, highly ornamented buildings. Many of these structures were built using unpaid or severely underpaid labor, including serfs and peasants working in hazardous conditions. Modern buildings, while lacking in ornamentation, reflect a shift towards more equitable labor practices. Fair compensation and safer working conditions contribute to higher construction costs but ensure ethical treatment of workers.

Housing as a Commodity

In contemporary society, housing is often viewed as a commodity rather than a place to live. This commodification has shifted the focus from creating homes that foster a sense of belonging and cultural expression to maximizing financial value and profit. The 2008 housing recession further exposed the vulnerabilities in the housing market, built on speculative practices and unsustainable debt, leading to a focus on short-term gains over long-term quality.

The Prevalence of 5 Over 1 Buildings

Perri highlights the trend of “5 over 1” buildings, characterized by five floors of wood-framed residential units over a concrete structure. These buildings dominate urban redevelopment projects due to their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, they contribute to the homogenization of cityscapes, lacking the unique character and aesthetic diversity of older structures.

Urban Planning and Car-Centric Design

Car-centric policies have also influenced modern architecture and urban planning. Cities are designed to accommodate automobiles, leading to wide roads, expansive parking lots, and sprawling suburban developments. This focus on driving convenience has fragmented urban environments, making them less walkable and more isolated.

Looking Forward

Despite the current trends, Perri believes that it is possible to integrate ornamentation back into building design in a cost-effective manner. Using modern materials and techniques, such as silicone molds and plaster, can bring back some of the aesthetic appeal without the high costs of traditional craftsmanship. Architecture is a dynamic industry, and there is hope that future developments will balance functionality with beauty.

“Everything in Moderation”

People in the comments shared their thoughts: “Everything in moderation. Too much modernization and we end up without a real purpose for building some things and a loss of that bedrock craftsmanship that founded architecture itself. Too much “nostalgic” architecture and we end up as caricatures of ourselves without any legitimate advancement. Would New York be what it was without Art Deco? Not in my lifetime. Can the same be said of any of the modernist towers and housing blocks of today? Not that either.”

Another commenter added: “This kinda makes me think about how as a student, lecturers most of the time tell us to accommodate the surrounding environment which limits our designs to blending in with the surrounding instead of standing out.”

A Complex Issue

In conclusion, the decline in beautiful buildings is a complex issue influenced by economic pressures, material evolution, profit motives, labor practices, and urban planning policies. While modern buildings prioritize efficiency and cost-effectiveness, there is a growing awareness of the importance of aesthetics in our built environment. As we look to the future, there is potential for a renewed focus on creating buildings that are not only functional but also visually appealing and culturally significant.

Cost Efficiency and Aesthetic Appeal

What are your thoughts? Can modern architectural practices reconcile the need for cost efficiency with the desire for aesthetic appeal? How can cities balance car-centric designs with the need for walkable, community-focused urban environments? What role do cultural and societal values play in shaping architectural trends and preferences?

To dive deeper into this topic, check out the full video on Unraveling Architecture’s YouTube channel here.